Process of manufacturing watery solutions of oils, fats, tar, asphalt, &amp;c.



' To-d ll uihom it may concern:

I WEBTRUM, a subject of the Queen ofthe UNITED STATES T u T FFloEj.

' mediums some vm WESTRUM, or BERL N, GERMANY, nssreno'n r wns'rmmrrn comrnnx ornmnmcn, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, n conronn'rroiv or MAINE.

Nob revving. Application filed November 24,

=Be'it known that I, LEONARD ScrIAnn VAN Netherlands, residing at Berlin, Germany,

have invented new and useful Improvements in Processes of Manufacturing Vate'ry Solutions of Oils, Fat-s, Tar, Asphalt, &c.,-

of which the following is a specification,

I All the processes now known for the manufacture of emulsions consisting of Water and oily or fatty substances for use as a medium for binding and holding together road-making materials, such as broken stones, sand, dust, earthy materials and the like, and for the further purpose of preventing the formation and dissemination of dust on road-beds and other like sur-' faces, result in an emulsion which is objectionable, for the. reason that water caused b rain or 'melted snow, etc., will in time either entirely wash away the body in edients or emulsify the same to such an extent that the emulsion and the dust will join together to create mud, and thus render the road slippery in warm weather. 'During cold weather the body ingredients.ab-

sorb so much water that they freeze, and the street is thereby caused to break or crack. Attempts have been made to'overcome these objections by sprinkling a road, after it has been treated with such emulsions, with a solution of salt. Such attempts, however, have not proved satisfactory, by reason of the great cost of the same and the expenditure of the considerable additional time required for such subsequent treatment. 7

The object of my present invention is to rovide an improved process for the manuacture of watery solutions or emulsions of mineral or resin oils, soas to overcome the aforesaid objections against the use of such solutions'or emulsions.

As the main ingredient or body of. my

improved emulsion I use all sorts of maintaining roads.

If the body materials could placeii in suspension in. a liquidvehicle in'a minutely A -div1ded.'state, the'particles would soon ad'- here to each other'sufliciently to cause set It; is therefore necessary to add some Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May is, 1911.

ieoaserial' no. 288,855. Renewed July 13', 1907. Serial No.383,626.

substance, such as soap, which is capable of formlng a thin film over each particle and thus prevent adhesion between the dif} ferent particles. This soap, as such, is however of no value'after the emulsion has been applied and'the liquid'vehicle evaporated, but,-on the other hand, it is this soap which gives rise to the objections to which reference has been made.

In accordance with my invention I make use of a soap which is nonpermanent incharacter and breaks up very soon after it has been exposed to the air. When an emulsion containing such a soap is applied to a roadway, the soap breaks up, increasingthe tenacity of the remaining substances and rendering them immuneto subsequent rain or snow.

In carrying out my invention I make use of any saponifiable substance and a volatile alkali for the production of the soap. Resin oil or olein or any animal or vegetable fatty acid Will serve for the saponifiable element and ammonia as the oxidizing element. The soap may be made independently or as a part of the process of producing the emulsion. v

An emulsion of crude oil may be made in accordance with my invention as follows: 45% to 55% of crude oil' at a temperature in theneighborhoodof the boiling point ofwater is thoroughly mized-with 25% to rnocnss or MANUFACTURING wA'rEnY soLu'rIoNs or OILS, FATS, men, nsrmn'r, 80c.

of Water, 6% resin oil and 3% olein. The

mixture is then thoroughly agitated, preferably by'means of a strong current of air and this agitation is continued while about 2% of ammonia isadded. and until saponification and complete emulsification results.

The best'mixture when using asphalt is made by melting 50 kilo of asphalt and by i addin to the molten mass 450 kilo of crude oil. he process is then completed as fol lows:- 65% of-xthe aforesaid crude il and 1 asphalt mixtureiis-heated to atemperature ofbetween 80 degrees and j degrees Cel-.

sins; whereupon a vcurrent. of air is forced throughzfor a period of from 20 minutes to onehour flthen 10 to es e cent. of water.

isadded, whereupon air .18 -again forced through the mixture for a period of half an.

hour;- 8 #935110 per cent. of 'olein, is then added. to -tlre mixtureand air is again blown through the sameffor about ten minutes, when 2% of ammomais' 'a'dtied';--a1-r 1s then to a road blown through until complete emulsification results. I

When In improved -emulsion is applied dust on the. surface or the broken stone of which the bed is made, the volatile alkali of the soap is soon dissipated by the action of the light andair so that soap, as such, is no longer present. Consequently the remaining tarry, asphaltic, and oily particles are capable of binding the materials of-the road to the same degree as if the soapy films had never been present and furthermore, 'because of the insolubility of the remaining elements, there is no danger that they will be washed away through rains as is the case where soaps are employed which are permanent in character and therefore maintain the oily, tarry or asphaltic ingredients in a state whichi permits them to form an emulsion whenever water is present.

I,claim- 1. The process of 'manufacturingwatery .solutions of substances which are not natuconsists in adding to said substances a saponifiable oil, heating said substances and oil, agitating the heated mass, adding water to the mass and again agitating, adding a volatile alkali and agitatingfthe mixture until complete emulsification results.

3; The process of manufacturing watery solutions of substances which are not soluble or emulsifiable in water which consistsdin adding to saidsubstances a saponifiableoil, heating said substances and oil, agitating ed either to bind together the the heated mass, adding hot water to the mass and again agitating, adding a volatile alkali and agitating the mixture until complete emulslfication results, and finally adding more water.

4. The process of manufacturing watery solutions of substances which are not naturally soluble or'emulsifiable in water which a substance and an emulsifiable oil, agitating ,the heated mixture, adding water and'a-gain agitating, adding ammonia, and finally agi-. 'tating the mixture until complete emulsifi cation results.

'5. Theprocess of manufacturing watery solutions of substances not naturally soluble.

or emulsifiablein water which consists in first heating a mixture of such a substance and an emulsifiable oil, passing a current of air therethrougliv for a period of twentyminutes to one hour, then adding water and again passing air threthrough for half an hour, then adding ammonia and finally passing a current of air'through the mixture until complete emulsification results.

6. The process of manufacturing watery solutions of substances not naturally soluble or emulsifiable in water which consists in mixing from to 55% ofcrude oil at a temperature in the neighborhood of the boiling point of water with 25% to of water, 6% resin oil, and 3% olein, agitating the mixture and then adding 2% of ammonia andv again agitating until complete emulsification results.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses, this 28" day of'August A. D. 1905.

LEONARD SGHADE Van WESTRUM.

consists in first heating a mixture of such 

